Fords Value Enhancement Plan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 745 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Fords Value Enhancement Plan aims to align the interests of various shareholders by offering them different options the choice of $20 in cash, additional new common shares or a combination of cash and new share. Based on the following analysis, Ford should go ahead with Value Enhancement Plan. Characteristic of VEP The Value Enhancement Plan has the feature of stock split and share repurchase. Exchanging existing shares for new shares on a one-for-one basis, shareholders are also offered the option to reinvest $20 to receive additional new Ford common shares. In this sense, share price would decrease while the number of shares outstanding is going to increase. According to Fords announcement mentioned in the case, shareholders choosing the share option would receive 0.748 new Ford common shares in lieu of $20 cash. So, the effect is similar to 1.748 for 1 stock split. However, not all the shareholders prefer share option. For those who elect cash option, they would receive $20 as though they sell part of their shares, which reflects the feature of share repurchase. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fords Value Enhancement Plan" essay for you Create order Advantages of VEP With the combined feature of stock split and share repurchase, VEP has its strength. In terms of cash option, since there is no good things to do with the massive cash reserve, returning the excessive cash allows shareholders to make profitable investment by themselves. Unlike cash dividend, returned cash is taxed as capital gains, so it generates tax efficiency for shareholders. In addition, though the price of new Ford shares would decrease, shareholders will not bear any loss, because the reduced price is offset by the cash they receive. But from the companys point of view, they can reduce dividend payment. Companies tend to keep dividend payout ratio constant, so dividend for each new Ford share will decrease because share price falls. For those who choose to receive $20 in cash, they keep the same amount of shares before VEP is introduced, therefore, the total dividend payment is going to reduce and to some extent, the pressure for increasing dividend level can be relieved a bit. Moreover, the effect of cash option is similar to that of share buyback, the number of new shares outstanding will reduce; thus, earnings per share will increase and it can increase the overall demand for Fords share, which will benefit share price in the long run. If shareholders elect stock option, they can increase voting power and exercise more control over the company. Also, as we discussed in the cash option, share price will increase, so, shareholders will benefit a lot from holding more new Ford shares. As for the combination of cash and new shares, shareholders can take part of their money out of the stock to make other profitable investment, and they can also maintain their interest in the company. On the one hand, they can enjoy tax efficiency by paying tax of capital gains for cash received, on the other hand, they can enjoy the profit when share price increases and they can have a say in the firm. VEP is better than cash dividend in terms of tax effect, and compared with share repurchase, it meets shareholders need to remain or increase control of the company. Therefore, based on the analysis, Ford should go ahead with VEP. Possible Choices of Different Shareholders Ford family member will choose stock option because they want to expand their control in the firm. By supporting VEP, their 40% voting power remains unchanged but their equity in the firm decreases from 5% to 3.6%. If they elect stock option, they hold more common shares, and their voting power is beyond 40%. Institutional investors, such as TIAA-Cref and the Calpers would choose combination of cash and shares. Its obvious that VEP favors Ford family members and dilutes institutional investors voting power, so its hard for them to compete with Ford family members in terms of control even if they reinvest all the $20 cash to buy new Common shares. In this sense, combination of cash and new share is a better choice for them. They can get part of their investment out of Ford stock for good opportunities somewhere else; meanwhile, they can remain interest in Ford. A regular outsider shareholder doesnt care about voting power. The purpose of their investment is profit. So, if I wa s one of them, I would go for cash option, because I would think Ford cant find profitable projects and there are few growth opportunities. By getting money back, I can make good use of it by myself.

Essay On Lyddie - 1079 Words

What if you had to make a decision that could end all wrong doings in a mill? In the book Lyddie, Lyddie is facing some problems in the mill like harassment, dangerous machines that can cause her serious pain and even air full of dust and Betsy a friend of Lyddie wants to show others whats happening in the mill and wants to start a petition. Lyddie should sign the petition because of the harassment and treatment of one person and the unhealthy and dangerous environment. The first reason Lyddie should sign the petition Is because girls are being harassed and not treated with respect. Lyddie is on her breakfast break talking to Betsy and Amelia when she notices Mr.Marsden is talking to one of the girls. While Lyddie is listening†¦show more content†¦This shows Lyddie should sign the petition because of the dangerous environment. The next reason why Lyddie should sign the petition is because of the bad environment and the harmful machines. In chapter 10 it says Lyddie is getting ready for another day and as she goes in the mill and starts working Lyddie notices its really dusty and hard to breath in the area. It was really hard for her to breath in the mill. â€Å"Now that she thought of it, she could hardly breathe, the air was so laden with moisture and debris†(75). This quote shows that the mill is not in good condition and the air is dusty and full of lint. This can cause people to get dizzy and start coughing when being in the room. This is in the room because the mill is never kept clean. This is definitely an example of health safety and environment. Lyddie is working on the machine when it stops working and she has to put it back in place and the shuttle popped and flew at her temple which caused Lyddie to get hurt. While Lyddie is injured she is knocked out and in pain. â€Å"She remembered r ethreading the shuttle and putting it back in the race, yanking the lever into its slot†¦Before she could think she was on the floor, blood pouring through the hair near her right temple†¦the shuttle, the blasted shuttle† (102). This quote shows that the machine is not safe for people to use and can cause serious harm which is not good and can be dangerous. If this injury happened some

Decision Making Process Free Essays

Give the example of a recent purchase of an expensive article (hand –phone, camera or notebook computer). Explain your decision –making process and what source of information did you use in making the decision to buy the article? The decision making is the very important in our business environment because as we know many company are trying to get rare resource so we cannot do mistake in decision making to buy something expensive things . As a manager, the manager need to know how to decide the decision and need to think continuously about his decision . We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now The manager want to the computer for his company so that he need to know the buyer decision process and need to use the process. Buyer decision processes are the decision making processes undertaken by consumers in regard to a potential market transaction before, during, and after the purchase of a product or service. In the decision process need to imply five stages with every purchase but sometimes we can skip and reverse the some stages because we need to buy many purchase. The marketers need to concern in buying process rather than only on the purchase decision. In the decision making include five stages .These five stages are – 1. Need recognition Need recognition occurs when there is perceived difference between an individual’s ideal state and reality. In most situations the Initiator is also the User or Buyer. Users are inclined to identify the need for new solutions (i. e. , new products) while Buyers are more likely to identify the need to re-purchase products. But marketer should also understand that more companies are replacing human involvement in re-purchase decisions with automated methods, thus making it more challenging for competitors to replace currently purchased products.In straight re-purchase situations, whether there is human intervention or not, the purchasing process often jumps from Need Recognition to Purchase and little search activity is performed. The needs can be assume as normal needs become a high level and strong enough to drive behavior. The needs also can be triggered by the external stimuli as the advertisement and friends. 2. Information Search The above stage, the consumer need to search more information about the product or purchases. The consumer options available and consumer need to search about the product, price and quality.Two types of information search include . There are external and internal. The external exist – Most often used in frequent purchases. The potential buyer recalls memories and previous experiences with a product or with the company. The internal exist – Most often used when there is a lack of prior experience with a product. The risk of making a wrong purchase decision is greater. The consumer can obtain information from any of several sources. These include personal sources, commercial sources, public sources and experiential sources. 1. Personal sources such as –friend, family and co-workers. . Market such as –commercial, print advertisement, salespeople and websites. 3. Public sources such as –media reviews, magazines and consumer reports. 4. Experiential sources such as – handling, examining or using the product. Generally, the consumers receives the most information about a product from commercial sources . Personal sources is the most effective source hat can be legitimize or evaluate product the for the buyer. If the consumers know the information as much as they can, they can aware and knowledge of available brands and features. Marketer should need to understand consumer’s source of information and the important of each source. 3. Evaluation of Alternatives The consumers can their information as know as they can and they can even chose the better band because of their information. How consumers go about evaluating purchase alternatives depends on the individual consumer and the specific buying situation. Sometimes it has many concepts help to explain the consumer evaluation of alternatives process. In some cases, consumers use careful calculations and logical thinking.At other times, the same consumers do little or no evaluating; instead they buy on impulse and rely on intuition. Sometimes, the consumers make buying decision by themselves and sometimes they wanna be use friend, buying or consumer guides or sales person advice. The multi-attribute attitude model explains how consumers evaluate alternatives on a range of attributes. Finally, there are ranges of ways that consumers apply criteria to make decisions. Belch and Belch (2007) explain how information is integrated and how decision rules are made including the use of heuristics.The marketing organization should know how consumers evaluate alternatives on salient or important attributes and make their buying decision. 4. Purchase Decision In this stage , Through the evaluation process discussed above consumers will reach their final purchase decision and they reach the final process of going through the purchase action e. g. The process of going to the shop to buy the product, which for some consumers can be as just as rewarding as actually purchasing the product.Purchase of the product can either be through the store, the web, or over the phone. However, Purchase decision making process have two factor can come between purchase intention and the purchase decision. They are – 1. Attitudes of Others The attitudes of other go through the buying decision and the individual’s motivation to complete with the person’s wishes and imagine. 2. Unexpected Situational Factors Unexpected situational factors can got the higher level when the consumer is about to act on the purchasing decision. 5.Post – purchase Behavior After the consumer purchasing, they may take the action based on their satisfaction or dissatisfaction. This simply is post purchase behavior and research shows that it is a common trait amongst purchasers of products. Manufacturers of products clearly want recent consumers to feel proud of their purchase; it is therefore just as important for manufacturers to advertise for the sake of their recent purchaser so consumers feel comfortable that they own a product from a strong and reputable organization.This limits post purchase behavior. As the example, Consumer feel reassured that they own the latest advertised product. Almost all major purchases result in cognitive dissonance, or discomfort caused by post purchase conflict. Cognitive dissonance is the common problem in post – purchase behavior . So it is important to solve the problem of this cognitive dissonance . The company support the two basic groups to solve these problem. Company’s sales come from two basic groups – new customers and retained customers.After solve the problem , the consumer will happy so that a satisfied customer tell 3 people about a good product experience, a dissatisfied customer gripes to 11 people. But a bad thing is some 96 percent of unhappy customers never tell the company about their problem. As I am a manager, I need to buy a note book computer for my company. I need to the some decision making process and need to use the five stages of decision making. .The manager should have a ability of solution upon the problem and should have need of recognition .The manager should search the information for his computer which one is better . In the computer world, there have many brand and the manager need to choice according to brand, about information of research and evaluation of brand. There have many brands such as Acer, Lenovo, Dell, Sony and Toshiba. They have different types of features and can have some different special effect. Manager will compare the features and evaluate the notebook computer character . These are some of note book computer features such as – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Sony VIVO |TOSHIBA |DELL MODEL |LENOVO |COMPAQ | | | |SATELLITE |(4011023) |Think pad | | | | | | |T410 | | | | | | | | | |Screen size |17 inches |17 inches |17 inches |16. inches |17 inches | | | | | | | | |Hard Disk in |300 |250 |250 |200 |300 | |GB | | | | | | | | | | | | | |RAM in MB |3500 |3200 |3100 |3000 |3150 | | | | | | | | |Average selling | | | | | |price |$ 2000 |$ 1700 |$ 2000 |$ 1100 |$ 1300 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |1 year service |1 year service |1 year service |1and half year |2 year service | |Comments | |and 1 printer |and 1 ink pad |Service | | | | |free gift |free | | | LENOVO [pic] [pic]SONY [pic] TOSHIBA [pic] DELL [pic]COMPAQ This is a comparing result upon the each brand of evaluation. As the result, I can choose the better brand according to the comparing. I will refer the better from the graph. I think Lenovo is the worst because Lenovo don’t have enough features and quality. But the price is a little bit cheaper than rest . Lenovo may be cheaper because they don’t have enough function to display. Lenovo is not suitable for company work.This one may be spoil as soon as possible. In my choice, Lenovo is cancelled. Let see, about the Sony and Dell. Sony is very expensive and also have high quality I cannot enough money to buy Sony so that Sony may be cancelled my choice. Dell have enough quality and function . Dell don’t have service center in Singapore so I don’t want to purchase the kind of product even have the 1 year service and 1 ink pad free . If I have a problem from Dell, I need to call Dell Company. After that Dell Company say they will send a technician to prepare my computer. As we know, we don’t have enough time to wait in Singapore. We need to go to work so that I don’t like Dell.This is a part of using my information source because I like the Compaq very much. My friend uses the Compaq every time. I can see the friend computer every day so I interested the Compaq and Compaq’s function also. I asked my friend how about your computer? I didn’t except because he told me my computer is not good . I need to go to service room because computer cannot accept the over load. So I noticed the Compaq and he refer me for Toshiba . He says Toshiba is very hard and can use even they have overload . Toshiba is very heard to spoil . So I interested about in Toshiba . I check the comparing graph and I can consider the Toshiba is also a good to buy .And then I see the price list, it is only have $ 1700 so I can effort to buy it. Toshiba also have the 1 year service and 1 printer will give for free . I really like this promotion. I also need to buy a printer but me no need to buy the printer because of my Toshiba. So I decided to buy the Toshiba because of my information source and evaluation alternatives. Even I purchased Toshiba, Toshiba have a problem . Toshiba company’s know the Post – Purchase behavior so that they give the service until full of 1 year. So it is very comfortable for me. I cannot get any trouble from my computer . It is very satisfied for me . I also ready to share my friend to buy Toshiba .Toshiba is the good brand in the computer world. So I like Toshiba brand ever for my rest of life. Question 2. Explain the usefulness of Pareto Analysis as a tool in inventory management. Illustrate its applications. Pareto Analysis in inventory management Pareto Analysis (G) is a statistical technique in decision making that is used for the selection of a limited number of tasks that produce significant overall effect. It uses the Pareto Principle (also know as the 80/20 rule) the idea that by doing 20% of the work you can generate 80% of the benefit of doing the whole job. Or in terms of quality improvement, a large majority of problems (80%) are produced by a few key causes (20%). This effect, known as the 80: 20 rules, can be observed in action so often that it seems to be almost a universal truth. As several economists have pointed out, at the turn of the century the bulk of the country’s wealth was in the hands of a small number of people. This fact gave rise to the Pareto effect or Pareto’s law: a small proportion of causes produce a large proportion of results. Thus frequently a vital few causes may need special attention wile the trivial many may warrant very little. It is this phrase that is most commonly used in talking about the Pareto effect – ‘the vital few and the trivial many’. A vital few customers may account for a very large percentage of total sales. A vital few taxes produce the bulk of total revenue. A vital few improvements can produce the bulk of the results. The Pareto effect is named after Vilfredo Pareto, an economist and sociologist who lived from 1848 to 1923. Originally trained as an engineer he was a one time managing director of a group of coalmines. Later he took the chair of economics at Lausanne University, ultimately becoming a recluse. Mussolini made him a senator in 1922 but by his death in 1923 he was already at odds with the regime. Pareto was an elitist believing that the concept of the vital few and the trivial many extended to human beings. The Pareto analysis also known as ABC analysis. The ABC concept is derived from the Pareto’s 80/20 rule curve.It is also known as the 80-20 concept. We can split up our inventory into three basic categories; A, B and C. The A materials will be the 20% that are most crucial to your process. Depending upon your business, the A materials could be less or more than 20% of your inventory. The classification of ABC analysis or The Pareto analysis . ABC Analysis have 3 types to classified . They are such as – †¢ 10-20% of the items (‘A’ class) account for 70-80% of the consumption †¢ the next 15-25% (‘B’ class) account for 10-20% of the consumption and †¢ the balance 65-75% (‘C’ class) account for 5-10% of the consumption [pic] ABC analysis graph formationDuring inventory control, we need to know the Pareto Analysis or ABC Analysis to control our stock effectively. As the result, we know the ABC analysis so that we can actually know our stock position. Our stock that we keep when the stock can finished and when the stock keep for long time. We can also know how many months need to sell for each stock and how many months can keep in the inventory. We also know about why our stock cannot be sold and kept in our inventory for a long time. Illustration of Pareto Analysis or ABC Analysis in inventory management Let see, the Pareto analysis of inventory management. We could start from the list of our stocks. We can also determine the stock as know as you can and you can also put the unit cost definitely. Item |Production Codes |Total Stocks |Unit Cost ($) |Total Cost ($) | |1 |SPF 001 |300 |200 |60,000 | |2 |SPF 002 |50 |17 |850 | |3 |SPF 003 |180 |11 |1,980 | |4 |SPF 004 |85 |52 |4,420 | |5 |SPF 005 |400 |50 |20,000 | |6 |SPF 006 |225 |25 |5,625 | |7 |SPF 007 |315 |80 |25,200 | |8 |SPF 008 |90 |5 |450 | |9 |SPF 009 |100 |10 |1,000 | |10 SPF 010 |150 |115 |17,250 | |11 |SPF 011 |80 |14 |1,120 | |12 |SPF 012 |75 |25 |1,875 | |13 |SPF 013 |40 |16 |640 | |14 |SPF 014 |45 |25 |1,125 | |15 |SPF 015 |20 |15 |300 | |16 |SPF 016 |200 |15 |3,000 | |17 |SPF 017 |180 |35 |6,300 | |18 |SPF 018 |150 |10 |1,500 | |19 |SPF 019 |10 |13 |130 | |20 |SPF 020 |30 |20 |600 | | | | | |153,365 | After we got the list of our stocks, now, we have to sort the items in descending from the highest cost to the lowest cost and determine which items are A classes, B Class, or C Class. Items |Production Code |Total St ocks |Unit Cost ($)|Total Cost ($) |Cumulative Cost |% of Cumulative Cost | |1 |SW 001 |300 |200 |60,000 |60,000 |39 % | |5 |SW 005 |400 |50 |20,000 |105,200 |68. 5 % | |17 |SW 017 |180 |35 |6,300 |128,750 |83. 9 % | |4 |SW 004 |85 |52 |4,420 |138,795 |90. 4 % | |3 |SW 003 |180 |11 |1,980 |143,775 |93. % | |18 |SW 018 |150 |10 |1,500 |147,150 |95. 9 % | |11 |SW 011 |80 |14 |1,120 |149,395 |97. 4 % | |2 |SW 002 |50 |17 |850 |151,245 |98. 6 % | |20 |SW 020 |30 |20 |600 |152,485 |99. 4 % | |15 |SW 015 |20 |15 |300 |153,235 |99. % | |Total | | | |A |1, 7, 5, 10 |80 % | |B |17, 6, 4, 16 |12. 4 % | |C |3, 12, 18, 14, 11, 9, 2, 13, 20,|7. 6 % | | |8, 15, 19 | | After we classified the items into classes, now we know that items in A class can affect 80 % of the cost. That’s why, now we can concentrate on the A class items. Items |Production Code |Holding Stocks (unit) |3 Months Sales (unit) |Holding (months) | |1 |SW 001 |300 |100 |9 | |7 |SW 007 |315 |300 |3 | |5 |SW 005 |400 |200 |6 | |10 |SW 010 |150 |150 |3 | By this graph, we can know how long our stocks can finish and why we need to keep stocks in small quantity. We can ask the marketing manager about their stock and we need to ask the manager to get definitely explanation from him so we can take their stock more than precious and we need to A class items because those items affect about 80% of the value. Remark of stock ITEM 1 (SPF 001) Item 1 need to store until 9 month . So we need to store this item very long time.We are not happy to keep this item to quite long time . We need to ask the question to the manager why he kept the stock for a long time. He need to explain the key point to our . He explain like this, this items will be sold out in the biggest event in Singapore, Chinese New year was coming soon . After that we can make this item to sold out. We can consider as a good explanation so we can accept his explanation. ITEM 7 (SPF 007) Item 7 need to store until 3 month . So we need to store this item quite long time . We don’t want to store this item very long time . We have a question upon the manager why he kept the stock for long time . He need to explain the key point to our .He explain like this ,this item will be sold out during the Chinese New year holidays . In holidays , everybody are free so they may go shopping so this item may be sold out during holidays . He explained very well the key point. We need to accept this explanation as a good reason. ITEM 5 (SPF 005) Item 5 need to store until 6 month . So we need to store this item in our inventory so that we don’t want to kept this kind of stock in our inventory . This stock can be waste our place and time . So we want to sell finishes this item as soon as possible . We also have a question for this stock so we need to ask the question to manager why he kept the stock . He need to give a acceptable explanation.Let say , this item will sold out in Valentines Day because all over the world have the Valentines day so we also have . Our stock will be sold out in these days . The manager answer is acceptable so we need to accept his answer for our stock. ITEM 10 (SPF 010) Item 10 also need to store until 3 month. So we have many item in our store . We don’t want to store anymore this stock in our inventory . This is no more place to store this item but we can store this item at least 3 month after 3 month we don’t want to store any more so we need to sold out this item as soon as possible. We need to ask the specific question to manager why this stock need to keep. The manager also need to give specific answer to our. He say like this ,this item will be sold out definitely before Valentines Day because people want to buy the gift before the valentines . So this stock must be sold before Valentines Days . We enjoy in his answer and we definitely like his answer and accept his answer. Conclusion In conclusion, we know how to control our stock . we also know how to manage our inventory . The Pareto Analysis or ABC Analysis are very important in our inventory management. We can know every about the inventory management whatever we want and we can also understand how to keep our stock and how can I sell faster . We also can get the more other opportunities . We know all analysis so that we can do effectively in our management and cannot waste in our management . The Pareto or ABC analysis is very important for me and I think it is very important to everyone.Reference: 1. Mark M. Davies and Nicholas J. Aquila no (1991). Production Management. Printed in New York , Hill Higher Education 2. BHARATK. MAJUMDAR (1998). Inventory Management. Printed in Delhi ,Anmol Institute of Education 3. Ober, Scot, Ph. D (1991). Principles of Marketing. Printed in USA at Houghton Mifflin College USA. 4. Chase Aquilano Jacobs (1976). Operation Management. Printed in US 5. NORMAN GAITHER (1996). Operation and Production Management. Printed in USA at Wasdsworth College USA. html†http://www. projectsmart. co. uk/pareto-analysis-step-by-step. html How to cite Decision Making Process, Essays

8220Araby8221 Lesson in Adolescence Essay Example For Students

8220Araby8221 Lesson in Adolescence Essay In his brief but complex story Araby, James Joyce concentrates on character rather than on plot to reveal the ironies within self-deception. On one level Araby is a story of initiation, of a boys quest for the ideal. The quest ends in failure but results in an inner awareness and a first step into manhood. On another level the story consists of a grown mans remembered experience, for a man who looks back to a particular moment of intense meaning and insight tells the story in retrospect. As such, the boys experience is not restricted to youths encounter with first love. Rather, it is a portrayal of a continuing problem all through life: the incompatibility of the ideal, of the dream as one wishes it to be, with the bleakness of reality. This double focus-the boy who first experiences, and the man who has not forgotten provides for the rendering of a story of first love told by a narrator who, with his wider, adult vision, can employ the sophisticated use of irony and symbolic imagery necessary to reveal the storys meaning. The story opens with a description of North Richmond Street, a blind, cold .. silent (275)street where the houses gazed at one an-other with brown imperturbable faces..(275) The former tenant, a priest, died in the back room of the house, and his legacy-several old yellowed books, which the boy enjoys leafing through because they are old, and a bicycle pump rusting in the back yard-become symbols of the intellectual and religious vitality of the past. Every morning before school the boy lies on the floor in the front parlor peeking out through a crack in the blind of the door, watching and waiting for the girl next door to emerge from her house and walk to school. He is shy and still boyish. He follows her, walks silently past, not daring to speak, overcome with a confused sense of desire and adoration. In his mind she is both a saint to be worshipped and a woman to be desired. His eyes are often full of tears..(276) Walking with his aunt to shop on Saturday evenings he imagines tha t the girls image accompanies him, and that he protects her in places the most hostile to romance. (276) Here, Joyce reveals the epiphany in the story: These noises converged in a single sensation of life for me: I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes.(276) He is unable to talk to the girl. Drifting away from his schoolmates boyish games, the boy has fantasies in his isolation, in the ecstasy and pain of first love. Finally the girl speaks to the boy. She asks him if he is going to Araby. He replies that if he does he will bring her a gift, and from that the moment his thoughts are upon the potential sensuality of the white border of a petticoat. (277) The boy cannot sleep or study and his school work suffers had hardly any patience with the serious work of lifeseemed to me childs play, ugly monotonous childs play. (277) The word Araby cast an Eastern enchantment (277) over him, and then on the night he is to go to the bazaar his uncle neglects to return home. Neither the aunt nor uncle understands the boys need and anguish, thus his isolation is deepened. We begin to see that the story is not so much a story of love as it is a rendition of the world in which the boy lives.The second part of the story depicts the boys inevitable disappointment and realization. In such an atmosphere of blindness(277) the aunt and uncle unaware of the boys anguish, the girl not conscious of the boys love, and the boy himself blind to the true nature of his love-the words hostile to romance (276) take on ironic overtones. These overtones deepen when the boy arrives too late at the bazaar. It is closing and the hall is in darkness.(278) He recognizes a silence like that which pervades a church after a service,(278) but the bazaar is dirty and disappointing. Two men are counting money on a salver(278) and he listens to the fall of the coins.(278) The young lady who should attend him ignores him to exchange inane vulgarities with two young gentlemen.,(278) destroying the boys sense of an Eastern enchantment (277)The boy senses the falsity of his dreams and his eyes burn with anguish and anger.The boys manner of thought is made clear in the opening scenes. Religion controls the lives of the inhabitants of North Richmond Street. The boy, however, entering the new experience of first love, finds his vocabulary within the experiences of his religious training and the romantic novels he has read. The result is an idealistic and confused interpretation of love based on the imagery of romance. This creates an epiphany for the boy as he accompanies his aunt through the market place, lets us experience the texture and content of his mind. We see the futility and stubbornness of his quest. But despite all the evidence of the dead house on a dead street the boy determines to bear his chalice safely through a throng of foes. Mangans sister is saintly; her name evokes in him strange prayers and praises. The boy is extraordinarily lovesick, and from his innocent idealism and stubbornness, we realized that he can not keep the dream. He must wake to the demands of the world around him and react. Thus the first half of the story foreshadows the boys awakening and disillusionment. .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 , .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .postImageUrl , .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 , .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:hover , .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:visited , .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:active { border:0!important; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:active , .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Should Prayer Be Allowed In Public Schools EssayThe account of the boys futile quest emphasizes both his lonely idealism and his ability to achieve the perspectives he now has. The quest ends when he arrives at the bazaar and realizes with slow, tortured clarity that Araby is not at all what he imagined. It is tawdry and dark and thrives on the profit motive and the eternal lure its name evokes in men. The boy realizes that he has placed all his love and hope in a world that does not exist except in his imagination. He feels angry and betrayed and realizes his self-deception. He feels he is a creature driven and derided by vanity and the vanity is his own. At no other point in the story is characterization as brilliant as at the end. Joyce draws his protagonist with strokes designed to let us recognize in the creature driven and derided by vanity a boy who is initiated into knowledge through a loss of innocence who does not fully realize the incompatibility between the beautiful, innocent world of the imagination and the very real world of fact. In Araby, Joyce uses the boyhood character with the manhood narrator to embody the theme of his story. Joyce, James. Araby. Literature and Its Writers. Bibliography:Eds. Ann Charters and Samuel Charters. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2001. Pgs 366-378.