Decision Making Process Free Essays

Give the example of a recent purchase of an expensive article (hand –phone, camera or notebook computer). Explain your decision –making process and what source of information did you use in making the decision to buy the article? The decision making is the very important in our business environment because as we know many company are trying to get rare resource so we cannot do mistake in decision making to buy something expensive things . As a manager, the manager need to know how to decide the decision and need to think continuously about his decision . We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now The manager want to the computer for his company so that he need to know the buyer decision process and need to use the process. Buyer decision processes are the decision making processes undertaken by consumers in regard to a potential market transaction before, during, and after the purchase of a product or service. In the decision process need to imply five stages with every purchase but sometimes we can skip and reverse the some stages because we need to buy many purchase. The marketers need to concern in buying process rather than only on the purchase decision. In the decision making include five stages .These five stages are – 1. Need recognition Need recognition occurs when there is perceived difference between an individual’s ideal state and reality. In most situations the Initiator is also the User or Buyer. Users are inclined to identify the need for new solutions (i. e. , new products) while Buyers are more likely to identify the need to re-purchase products. But marketer should also understand that more companies are replacing human involvement in re-purchase decisions with automated methods, thus making it more challenging for competitors to replace currently purchased products.In straight re-purchase situations, whether there is human intervention or not, the purchasing process often jumps from Need Recognition to Purchase and little search activity is performed. The needs can be assume as normal needs become a high level and strong enough to drive behavior. The needs also can be triggered by the external stimuli as the advertisement and friends. 2. Information Search The above stage, the consumer need to search more information about the product or purchases. The consumer options available and consumer need to search about the product, price and quality.Two types of information search include . There are external and internal. The external exist – Most often used in frequent purchases. The potential buyer recalls memories and previous experiences with a product or with the company. The internal exist – Most often used when there is a lack of prior experience with a product. The risk of making a wrong purchase decision is greater. The consumer can obtain information from any of several sources. These include personal sources, commercial sources, public sources and experiential sources. 1. Personal sources such as –friend, family and co-workers. . Market such as –commercial, print advertisement, salespeople and websites. 3. Public sources such as –media reviews, magazines and consumer reports. 4. Experiential sources such as – handling, examining or using the product. Generally, the consumers receives the most information about a product from commercial sources . Personal sources is the most effective source hat can be legitimize or evaluate product the for the buyer. If the consumers know the information as much as they can, they can aware and knowledge of available brands and features. Marketer should need to understand consumer’s source of information and the important of each source. 3. Evaluation of Alternatives The consumers can their information as know as they can and they can even chose the better band because of their information. How consumers go about evaluating purchase alternatives depends on the individual consumer and the specific buying situation. Sometimes it has many concepts help to explain the consumer evaluation of alternatives process. In some cases, consumers use careful calculations and logical thinking.At other times, the same consumers do little or no evaluating; instead they buy on impulse and rely on intuition. Sometimes, the consumers make buying decision by themselves and sometimes they wanna be use friend, buying or consumer guides or sales person advice. The multi-attribute attitude model explains how consumers evaluate alternatives on a range of attributes. Finally, there are ranges of ways that consumers apply criteria to make decisions. Belch and Belch (2007) explain how information is integrated and how decision rules are made including the use of heuristics.The marketing organization should know how consumers evaluate alternatives on salient or important attributes and make their buying decision. 4. Purchase Decision In this stage , Through the evaluation process discussed above consumers will reach their final purchase decision and they reach the final process of going through the purchase action e. g. The process of going to the shop to buy the product, which for some consumers can be as just as rewarding as actually purchasing the product.Purchase of the product can either be through the store, the web, or over the phone. However, Purchase decision making process have two factor can come between purchase intention and the purchase decision. They are – 1. Attitudes of Others The attitudes of other go through the buying decision and the individual’s motivation to complete with the person’s wishes and imagine. 2. Unexpected Situational Factors Unexpected situational factors can got the higher level when the consumer is about to act on the purchasing decision. 5.Post – purchase Behavior After the consumer purchasing, they may take the action based on their satisfaction or dissatisfaction. This simply is post purchase behavior and research shows that it is a common trait amongst purchasers of products. Manufacturers of products clearly want recent consumers to feel proud of their purchase; it is therefore just as important for manufacturers to advertise for the sake of their recent purchaser so consumers feel comfortable that they own a product from a strong and reputable organization.This limits post purchase behavior. As the example, Consumer feel reassured that they own the latest advertised product. Almost all major purchases result in cognitive dissonance, or discomfort caused by post purchase conflict. Cognitive dissonance is the common problem in post – purchase behavior . So it is important to solve the problem of this cognitive dissonance . The company support the two basic groups to solve these problem. Company’s sales come from two basic groups – new customers and retained customers.After solve the problem , the consumer will happy so that a satisfied customer tell 3 people about a good product experience, a dissatisfied customer gripes to 11 people. But a bad thing is some 96 percent of unhappy customers never tell the company about their problem. As I am a manager, I need to buy a note book computer for my company. I need to the some decision making process and need to use the five stages of decision making. .The manager should have a ability of solution upon the problem and should have need of recognition .The manager should search the information for his computer which one is better . In the computer world, there have many brand and the manager need to choice according to brand, about information of research and evaluation of brand. There have many brands such as Acer, Lenovo, Dell, Sony and Toshiba. They have different types of features and can have some different special effect. Manager will compare the features and evaluate the notebook computer character . These are some of note book computer features such as – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Sony VIVO |TOSHIBA |DELL MODEL |LENOVO |COMPAQ | | | |SATELLITE |(4011023) |Think pad | | | | | | |T410 | | | | | | | | | |Screen size |17 inches |17 inches |17 inches |16. inches |17 inches | | | | | | | | |Hard Disk in |300 |250 |250 |200 |300 | |GB | | | | | | | | | | | | | |RAM in MB |3500 |3200 |3100 |3000 |3150 | | | | | | | | |Average selling | | | | | |price |$ 2000 |$ 1700 |$ 2000 |$ 1100 |$ 1300 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |1 year service |1 year service |1 year service |1and half year |2 year service | |Comments | |and 1 printer |and 1 ink pad |Service | | | | |free gift |free | | | LENOVO [pic] [pic]SONY [pic] TOSHIBA [pic] DELL [pic]COMPAQ This is a comparing result upon the each brand of evaluation. As the result, I can choose the better brand according to the comparing. I will refer the better from the graph. I think Lenovo is the worst because Lenovo don’t have enough features and quality. But the price is a little bit cheaper than rest . Lenovo may be cheaper because they don’t have enough function to display. Lenovo is not suitable for company work.This one may be spoil as soon as possible. In my choice, Lenovo is cancelled. Let see, about the Sony and Dell. Sony is very expensive and also have high quality I cannot enough money to buy Sony so that Sony may be cancelled my choice. Dell have enough quality and function . Dell don’t have service center in Singapore so I don’t want to purchase the kind of product even have the 1 year service and 1 ink pad free . If I have a problem from Dell, I need to call Dell Company. After that Dell Company say they will send a technician to prepare my computer. As we know, we don’t have enough time to wait in Singapore. We need to go to work so that I don’t like Dell.This is a part of using my information source because I like the Compaq very much. My friend uses the Compaq every time. I can see the friend computer every day so I interested the Compaq and Compaq’s function also. I asked my friend how about your computer? I didn’t except because he told me my computer is not good . I need to go to service room because computer cannot accept the over load. So I noticed the Compaq and he refer me for Toshiba . He says Toshiba is very hard and can use even they have overload . Toshiba is very heard to spoil . So I interested about in Toshiba . I check the comparing graph and I can consider the Toshiba is also a good to buy .And then I see the price list, it is only have $ 1700 so I can effort to buy it. Toshiba also have the 1 year service and 1 printer will give for free . I really like this promotion. I also need to buy a printer but me no need to buy the printer because of my Toshiba. So I decided to buy the Toshiba because of my information source and evaluation alternatives. Even I purchased Toshiba, Toshiba have a problem . Toshiba company’s know the Post – Purchase behavior so that they give the service until full of 1 year. So it is very comfortable for me. I cannot get any trouble from my computer . It is very satisfied for me . I also ready to share my friend to buy Toshiba .Toshiba is the good brand in the computer world. So I like Toshiba brand ever for my rest of life. Question 2. Explain the usefulness of Pareto Analysis as a tool in inventory management. Illustrate its applications. Pareto Analysis in inventory management Pareto Analysis (G) is a statistical technique in decision making that is used for the selection of a limited number of tasks that produce significant overall effect. It uses the Pareto Principle (also know as the 80/20 rule) the idea that by doing 20% of the work you can generate 80% of the benefit of doing the whole job. Or in terms of quality improvement, a large majority of problems (80%) are produced by a few key causes (20%). This effect, known as the 80: 20 rules, can be observed in action so often that it seems to be almost a universal truth. As several economists have pointed out, at the turn of the century the bulk of the country’s wealth was in the hands of a small number of people. This fact gave rise to the Pareto effect or Pareto’s law: a small proportion of causes produce a large proportion of results. Thus frequently a vital few causes may need special attention wile the trivial many may warrant very little. It is this phrase that is most commonly used in talking about the Pareto effect – ‘the vital few and the trivial many’. A vital few customers may account for a very large percentage of total sales. A vital few taxes produce the bulk of total revenue. A vital few improvements can produce the bulk of the results. The Pareto effect is named after Vilfredo Pareto, an economist and sociologist who lived from 1848 to 1923. Originally trained as an engineer he was a one time managing director of a group of coalmines. Later he took the chair of economics at Lausanne University, ultimately becoming a recluse. Mussolini made him a senator in 1922 but by his death in 1923 he was already at odds with the regime. Pareto was an elitist believing that the concept of the vital few and the trivial many extended to human beings. The Pareto analysis also known as ABC analysis. The ABC concept is derived from the Pareto’s 80/20 rule curve.It is also known as the 80-20 concept. We can split up our inventory into three basic categories; A, B and C. The A materials will be the 20% that are most crucial to your process. Depending upon your business, the A materials could be less or more than 20% of your inventory. The classification of ABC analysis or The Pareto analysis . ABC Analysis have 3 types to classified . They are such as – †¢ 10-20% of the items (‘A’ class) account for 70-80% of the consumption †¢ the next 15-25% (‘B’ class) account for 10-20% of the consumption and †¢ the balance 65-75% (‘C’ class) account for 5-10% of the consumption [pic] ABC analysis graph formationDuring inventory control, we need to know the Pareto Analysis or ABC Analysis to control our stock effectively. As the result, we know the ABC analysis so that we can actually know our stock position. Our stock that we keep when the stock can finished and when the stock keep for long time. We can also know how many months need to sell for each stock and how many months can keep in the inventory. We also know about why our stock cannot be sold and kept in our inventory for a long time. Illustration of Pareto Analysis or ABC Analysis in inventory management Let see, the Pareto analysis of inventory management. We could start from the list of our stocks. We can also determine the stock as know as you can and you can also put the unit cost definitely. Item |Production Codes |Total Stocks |Unit Cost ($) |Total Cost ($) | |1 |SPF 001 |300 |200 |60,000 | |2 |SPF 002 |50 |17 |850 | |3 |SPF 003 |180 |11 |1,980 | |4 |SPF 004 |85 |52 |4,420 | |5 |SPF 005 |400 |50 |20,000 | |6 |SPF 006 |225 |25 |5,625 | |7 |SPF 007 |315 |80 |25,200 | |8 |SPF 008 |90 |5 |450 | |9 |SPF 009 |100 |10 |1,000 | |10 SPF 010 |150 |115 |17,250 | |11 |SPF 011 |80 |14 |1,120 | |12 |SPF 012 |75 |25 |1,875 | |13 |SPF 013 |40 |16 |640 | |14 |SPF 014 |45 |25 |1,125 | |15 |SPF 015 |20 |15 |300 | |16 |SPF 016 |200 |15 |3,000 | |17 |SPF 017 |180 |35 |6,300 | |18 |SPF 018 |150 |10 |1,500 | |19 |SPF 019 |10 |13 |130 | |20 |SPF 020 |30 |20 |600 | | | | | |153,365 | After we got the list of our stocks, now, we have to sort the items in descending from the highest cost to the lowest cost and determine which items are A classes, B Class, or C Class. Items |Production Code |Total St ocks |Unit Cost ($)|Total Cost ($) |Cumulative Cost |% of Cumulative Cost | |1 |SW 001 |300 |200 |60,000 |60,000 |39 % | |5 |SW 005 |400 |50 |20,000 |105,200 |68. 5 % | |17 |SW 017 |180 |35 |6,300 |128,750 |83. 9 % | |4 |SW 004 |85 |52 |4,420 |138,795 |90. 4 % | |3 |SW 003 |180 |11 |1,980 |143,775 |93. % | |18 |SW 018 |150 |10 |1,500 |147,150 |95. 9 % | |11 |SW 011 |80 |14 |1,120 |149,395 |97. 4 % | |2 |SW 002 |50 |17 |850 |151,245 |98. 6 % | |20 |SW 020 |30 |20 |600 |152,485 |99. 4 % | |15 |SW 015 |20 |15 |300 |153,235 |99. % | |Total | | | |A |1, 7, 5, 10 |80 % | |B |17, 6, 4, 16 |12. 4 % | |C |3, 12, 18, 14, 11, 9, 2, 13, 20,|7. 6 % | | |8, 15, 19 | | After we classified the items into classes, now we know that items in A class can affect 80 % of the cost. That’s why, now we can concentrate on the A class items. Items |Production Code |Holding Stocks (unit) |3 Months Sales (unit) |Holding (months) | |1 |SW 001 |300 |100 |9 | |7 |SW 007 |315 |300 |3 | |5 |SW 005 |400 |200 |6 | |10 |SW 010 |150 |150 |3 | By this graph, we can know how long our stocks can finish and why we need to keep stocks in small quantity. We can ask the marketing manager about their stock and we need to ask the manager to get definitely explanation from him so we can take their stock more than precious and we need to A class items because those items affect about 80% of the value. Remark of stock ITEM 1 (SPF 001) Item 1 need to store until 9 month . So we need to store this item very long time.We are not happy to keep this item to quite long time . We need to ask the question to the manager why he kept the stock for a long time. He need to explain the key point to our . He explain like this, this items will be sold out in the biggest event in Singapore, Chinese New year was coming soon . After that we can make this item to sold out. We can consider as a good explanation so we can accept his explanation. ITEM 7 (SPF 007) Item 7 need to store until 3 month . So we need to store this item quite long time . We don’t want to store this item very long time . We have a question upon the manager why he kept the stock for long time . He need to explain the key point to our .He explain like this ,this item will be sold out during the Chinese New year holidays . In holidays , everybody are free so they may go shopping so this item may be sold out during holidays . He explained very well the key point. We need to accept this explanation as a good reason. ITEM 5 (SPF 005) Item 5 need to store until 6 month . So we need to store this item in our inventory so that we don’t want to kept this kind of stock in our inventory . This stock can be waste our place and time . So we want to sell finishes this item as soon as possible . We also have a question for this stock so we need to ask the question to manager why he kept the stock . He need to give a acceptable explanation.Let say , this item will sold out in Valentines Day because all over the world have the Valentines day so we also have . Our stock will be sold out in these days . The manager answer is acceptable so we need to accept his answer for our stock. ITEM 10 (SPF 010) Item 10 also need to store until 3 month. So we have many item in our store . We don’t want to store anymore this stock in our inventory . This is no more place to store this item but we can store this item at least 3 month after 3 month we don’t want to store any more so we need to sold out this item as soon as possible. We need to ask the specific question to manager why this stock need to keep. The manager also need to give specific answer to our. He say like this ,this item will be sold out definitely before Valentines Day because people want to buy the gift before the valentines . So this stock must be sold before Valentines Days . We enjoy in his answer and we definitely like his answer and accept his answer. Conclusion In conclusion, we know how to control our stock . we also know how to manage our inventory . The Pareto Analysis or ABC Analysis are very important in our inventory management. We can know every about the inventory management whatever we want and we can also understand how to keep our stock and how can I sell faster . We also can get the more other opportunities . We know all analysis so that we can do effectively in our management and cannot waste in our management . The Pareto or ABC analysis is very important for me and I think it is very important to everyone.Reference: 1. Mark M. Davies and Nicholas J. Aquila no (1991). Production Management. Printed in New York , Hill Higher Education 2. BHARATK. MAJUMDAR (1998). Inventory Management. Printed in Delhi ,Anmol Institute of Education 3. Ober, Scot, Ph. D (1991). Principles of Marketing. Printed in USA at Houghton Mifflin College USA. 4. Chase Aquilano Jacobs (1976). Operation Management. Printed in US 5. NORMAN GAITHER (1996). Operation and Production Management. Printed in USA at Wasdsworth College USA. html†http://www. projectsmart. co. uk/pareto-analysis-step-by-step. html How to cite Decision Making Process, Essays

8220Araby8221 Lesson in Adolescence Essay Example For Students

8220Araby8221 Lesson in Adolescence Essay In his brief but complex story Araby, James Joyce concentrates on character rather than on plot to reveal the ironies within self-deception. On one level Araby is a story of initiation, of a boys quest for the ideal. The quest ends in failure but results in an inner awareness and a first step into manhood. On another level the story consists of a grown mans remembered experience, for a man who looks back to a particular moment of intense meaning and insight tells the story in retrospect. As such, the boys experience is not restricted to youths encounter with first love. Rather, it is a portrayal of a continuing problem all through life: the incompatibility of the ideal, of the dream as one wishes it to be, with the bleakness of reality. This double focus-the boy who first experiences, and the man who has not forgotten provides for the rendering of a story of first love told by a narrator who, with his wider, adult vision, can employ the sophisticated use of irony and symbolic imagery necessary to reveal the storys meaning. The story opens with a description of North Richmond Street, a blind, cold .. silent (275)street where the houses gazed at one an-other with brown imperturbable faces..(275) The former tenant, a priest, died in the back room of the house, and his legacy-several old yellowed books, which the boy enjoys leafing through because they are old, and a bicycle pump rusting in the back yard-become symbols of the intellectual and religious vitality of the past. Every morning before school the boy lies on the floor in the front parlor peeking out through a crack in the blind of the door, watching and waiting for the girl next door to emerge from her house and walk to school. He is shy and still boyish. He follows her, walks silently past, not daring to speak, overcome with a confused sense of desire and adoration. In his mind she is both a saint to be worshipped and a woman to be desired. His eyes are often full of tears..(276) Walking with his aunt to shop on Saturday evenings he imagines tha t the girls image accompanies him, and that he protects her in places the most hostile to romance. (276) Here, Joyce reveals the epiphany in the story: These noises converged in a single sensation of life for me: I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes.(276) He is unable to talk to the girl. Drifting away from his schoolmates boyish games, the boy has fantasies in his isolation, in the ecstasy and pain of first love. Finally the girl speaks to the boy. She asks him if he is going to Araby. He replies that if he does he will bring her a gift, and from that the moment his thoughts are upon the potential sensuality of the white border of a petticoat. (277) The boy cannot sleep or study and his school work suffers had hardly any patience with the serious work of lifeseemed to me childs play, ugly monotonous childs play. (277) The word Araby cast an Eastern enchantment (277) over him, and then on the night he is to go to the bazaar his uncle neglects to return home. Neither the aunt nor uncle understands the boys need and anguish, thus his isolation is deepened. We begin to see that the story is not so much a story of love as it is a rendition of the world in which the boy lives.The second part of the story depicts the boys inevitable disappointment and realization. In such an atmosphere of blindness(277) the aunt and uncle unaware of the boys anguish, the girl not conscious of the boys love, and the boy himself blind to the true nature of his love-the words hostile to romance (276) take on ironic overtones. These overtones deepen when the boy arrives too late at the bazaar. It is closing and the hall is in darkness.(278) He recognizes a silence like that which pervades a church after a service,(278) but the bazaar is dirty and disappointing. Two men are counting money on a salver(278) and he listens to the fall of the coins.(278) The young lady who should attend him ignores him to exchange inane vulgarities with two young gentlemen.,(278) destroying the boys sense of an Eastern enchantment (277)The boy senses the falsity of his dreams and his eyes burn with anguish and anger.The boys manner of thought is made clear in the opening scenes. Religion controls the lives of the inhabitants of North Richmond Street. The boy, however, entering the new experience of first love, finds his vocabulary within the experiences of his religious training and the romantic novels he has read. The result is an idealistic and confused interpretation of love based on the imagery of romance. This creates an epiphany for the boy as he accompanies his aunt through the market place, lets us experience the texture and content of his mind. We see the futility and stubbornness of his quest. But despite all the evidence of the dead house on a dead street the boy determines to bear his chalice safely through a throng of foes. Mangans sister is saintly; her name evokes in him strange prayers and praises. The boy is extraordinarily lovesick, and from his innocent idealism and stubbornness, we realized that he can not keep the dream. He must wake to the demands of the world around him and react. Thus the first half of the story foreshadows the boys awakening and disillusionment. .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 , .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .postImageUrl , .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 , .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:hover , .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:visited , .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:active { border:0!important; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:active , .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6 .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u588980ff68557f75d0e711bb353940a6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Should Prayer Be Allowed In Public Schools EssayThe account of the boys futile quest emphasizes both his lonely idealism and his ability to achieve the perspectives he now has. The quest ends when he arrives at the bazaar and realizes with slow, tortured clarity that Araby is not at all what he imagined. It is tawdry and dark and thrives on the profit motive and the eternal lure its name evokes in men. The boy realizes that he has placed all his love and hope in a world that does not exist except in his imagination. He feels angry and betrayed and realizes his self-deception. He feels he is a creature driven and derided by vanity and the vanity is his own. At no other point in the story is characterization as brilliant as at the end. Joyce draws his protagonist with strokes designed to let us recognize in the creature driven and derided by vanity a boy who is initiated into knowledge through a loss of innocence who does not fully realize the incompatibility between the beautiful, innocent world of the imagination and the very real world of fact. In Araby, Joyce uses the boyhood character with the manhood narrator to embody the theme of his story. Joyce, James. Araby. Literature and Its Writers. Bibliography:Eds. Ann Charters and Samuel Charters. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2001. Pgs 366-378.

How America Has Changed Forever free essay sample

Americans to this day will never act or feel the same way as they once used to. What we did then and how we did it, we can no longer do now. It has been over twelve years since the United States went through one of the most horrific, terrifying tragedies in all of United States history. As we all know today, on September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four passenger airliners so they could be flown into buildings in suicide attacks. Two of those planes were intentionally crashed into the North and South towers of the World Trade Center complex in New York City. For this reason, there has been an enormous amount of changes in the United States. The three major areas that have changed are the airport security, the government, and the psychological impact. Before the attacks on the World Trade Center, airports security was fairly simple. For instance, passengers only had to show your ID and passengers were allowed to bring sharp objects on board such as: penknives, box cutters, and sharp scissors. We will write a custom essay sample on How America Has Changed Forever or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Passengers were also allowed to walk through security with their shoes on, a belt on, or even a drink in their hand. Whereas now, we have adopted a new form of security called the Transportation Security Administration. Security now stops you at every checkpoint and you have to show your ID. Also, you cannot carry sharp objects onto the plane. You now have to take off your shoes and belt, and have them ran through a metal detector. Another key point is that passengers are not allowed to have liquids above 3. 4 ounces when going through the checkpoints. Special items such as laptops must be pulled out of the luggage. One of the most noticeable changes is the need to arrive at the airport early. The United Airlines website, for example, suggested airport arrival times include this recommendation for Los Angeles International: â€Å"Customers with checked baggage should arrive 2 hours before flight departure. † Due to the excessive wait at security, an early arrival is necessary. The airport security was not the only factor the United States enhanced, but the government as well also made changes. Due to the attacks, for this reason, the United States adopted the Patriot Act. The purpose of this act is to: deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes. There were also more than one hundred and thirty pieces of legislation introduced that related to the attacks during the first year. Such as: the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, the Enhanced Border Security, and Visa Entry Reform Act. To be sure to stop another tragedy happening, the government created agencies after the attacks that include the Department of Homeland Security, which consolidated other agencies, including the U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. The last significant change that the United States has faced since the attack is the psychological impact on how we Americans view immigrants. To put it another way, some Americans responded with fear, anger, as well as a growing intolerance for immigrants, especially against those who are or appeared to be from the Middle East. For this reason, many Muslims and Asians in the United States reported that they were the victims of harassment and hate crimes days after the attacks. In fact, some Muslims were shot and killed only because of their race. Not only were people shot, people were also targeting institutions that related with the Islamic faith. Mosques were attacked as well as other religious buildings, including a Hindu temple in St. Louis, Missouri. Anger and fear are not the only psychological consequences that we Americans have faced, but also posttraumatic stress disorder. According to figures from three New York City 9/11 health programs, at least 10,000 police officers, firefighters and civilians directly exposed to the World Trade Center attacks have been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. Twelve years later, we Americans are still impacted from this tragedy. We will always be emotionally distraught, nor we will ever get back the loved ones that have passed away in the tragic incidents. On the positive note, the government passed many regulations to make sure that there will never be a 9/11 repeat.

Richard Arkwright and the Water Frames Impact

Richard Arkwright and the Water Frame's Impact Richard Arkwright became one of the pivotal  figures in the Industrial Revolution when he  invented the spinning frame, later called the water frame, an invention for mechanically spinning thread. Early Life Richard Arkwright was born in Lancashire, England in 1732, the youngest of 13 children. He apprenticed with a barber and wigmaker. The apprenticeship led to his first career as a wigmaker, during which he collected hair to make wigs and developed a technique for dyeing the hair to make different-colored wigs.   The Spinning Frame In 1769 Arkwright patented the invention that made him rich, and his country an economic powerhouse: The spinning frame. The spinning frame was a device that could produce stronger threads for yarns. The first models were powered by waterwheels so the device came to be known as the water frame. It was the first powered, automatic, and continuous textile machine and enabled the move away from small home manufacturing towards factory production, kickstarting the Industrial Revolution. Arkwright built his first textile mill in Cromford, England in 1774. Richard Arkwright was a financial success, though he later lost his patent rights for the spinning frame, opening the door for a proliferation of textile mills. Arkwright died a rich man in 1792. Samuel Slater Samuel Slater (1768-1835)  became another key figure in the Industrial Revolution when he exported Arkwrights textile innovations to the Americas. On December 20, 1790, water-powered machinery for spinning and carding cotton was set in motion in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Based on the designs of English inventor Richard Arkwright, a mill was built by Samuel Slater on the Blackstone River. The Slater mill was the first American factory to successfully produce cotton yarn with water-powered machines. Slater was a recent English immigrant who apprenticed Arkwrights partner, Jebediah Strutt. Samuel Slater had evaded British law against emigration of textile workers in order to seek his fortune in America. Considered the father of the United States textile industry, he eventually built several successful cotton mills in New England and established the town of Slatersville, Rhode Island.

Cultural differences in treating and diagnosing mental illnesses Term Paper

Cultural differences in treating and diagnosing mental illnesses - Term Paper Example 142-143). The candidate must separate from his people and adopt estranged behavior as if preparing for his own death. He reaches the point where he has adopted a different identity as if born again. But the habits he then picks up may find him living near cremation sites and even eating dead flesh. Such behavior, accepted in India or Nepal, would be seen as outside the norm in the United States or Europe. Anthropologists look across cultures to determine what is social conformity and how personalities are evaluated and accepted within its range. There may be forms of mental illness or disorder occurring across culture. This may well be the case of schizophrenia, which seems to appear in other cultures and represent individuals with extreme delusions. Such individuals may hear voices which others don't hear and then go into extreme isolation or withdrawal from the trust of others (Haviland et al, p. 150). As explained below, other cultures may even treat schizophrenia different than A merican and European cultures. One concept of mental illness in the United States addresses such illnesses as psychosomatic ailments. These ailments indicate illnesses rooted in the mind that may not have direct and or obvious physiological causes. In the Euramerican tradition these illnesses may be treated under the biomedicine system. This system is based on the dualistic mind-body theory rooted in Western philosophy and psychology. The biomedicine system has been seen as an effective one in America. It has resulted in a large pharmaceutical industry that has virtually developed medication for all kinds of mental illnesses. Yet other cultures may approach psychosomatic ailments differently, reflecting their own healing systems. Immigrants or people from other countries in European and North American societies may respond differently to the cultural pressures of their new lands. They may also respond differently to the medication issued under the biomedical system. Other lands and cultures may not have such theories dominated by a scientific mind body bias. They may respond more to, for example, certain spiritual beliefs of their own cultures. Anthropologists have been investigating some of these cross cultural differences and may help eventually integrate the concept of biomedical approaches in the West with workable approaches from other countries. Culture bound Syndromes Researchers and anthropologists have noted examples of ethnic psychoses appearing specific to certain cultures. Sometimes referred to as culture bound syndromes, these forms of psychoses denote mental disorders that appear bound to unique combinations of environmental settings and cultural practices. They are specific to particular ethnic or cultural groups. In several places in Southeast Asian and Africa, some men suffer from koro, a belief that their genital organs are retracting back into their bodies (Watters, 2010). The feeling is extreme enough that some patients feel they may die du e to possible causes of too much sex or masturbation (Haviland et al). Certain Algonquian Indians have demonstrated the malady of falling into a trancelike state inducing fear in others that they are cannibals. Different cultures across the world tend to have their own specific maladies that are usually related to narratives and stories of their own countries. However, in this present day of mass market communication

Samedaymay30Peer Response DQ1AB and DQ2KDw8 Essay

Samedaymay30Peer Response DQ1AB and DQ2KDw8 - Essay Example I also agree with your premise that accounting information is extremely important when making investment decisions such as when to buy or sell a common stock. One of the accounting techniques that can be used to evaluate common stocks is ratio analysis (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). You are also correct that financial projections are very useful when evaluating a company. The two companies you choose to discuss are great examples of companies in the food industry that have been very successful both domestically and internationally. Both these companies have outstanding brand value. Baskin Robins sells some of the most delicious ice cream in the world. Brand value helps companies increase its income over time (Kotler, 2003). Your response made me learn about the importance of the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Act. These laws are mechanisms that ensure companies that are bigger do not abuse their power with monopolistic activities. A few years ago the software giant Microsoft was accused of being a monopoly. I also agree with your comment that outsourcing has become more important in the business environment of the 21st century. There has been a tremendous growth in the outsourcing of technology. In Australia the technology outsourcing market reached $7.2 billion in 2011 (Smith,

Artifact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Artifact - Essay Example It starts out with the caucus in the house of Oedipus as the kingdom of Thebes is under a plague which has led the people to drought, hunger and suffering. The people are calling to the gods in fervent prayer that the kingdom does not suffer its downfall. Oedipus meets them to query on what they are doing and calms them as an answer to their prayers is soon to come. Hence he assures them and gives his promise that he will do everything to put an end to it. Creon utters what will be the solution from the gathered information and that is to punish the killer of Laius, the previous King whom Oedipus succeeded. This is where the plot thickens and the entanglements of their relationships unfold. Forewarned by a prophecy that a son born to Laius and Jocasta would slay his own father and marry his mother to father his very siblings, Laius ordered the death of his son upon its birth. Bound by the feet, thus Oedipus’ name, and abandoned in Mt. Cithaeron, the king had presumed that what had been foretold had been prevented. But the baby survived and was saved by the shepherd who found him in the mountain. Upon his delivery to Polybus of Corinth there had been an incident of another slurring in a banquet wherein he was jested as not being a true son of his recognized parents. Then he sought the truth from Apollo and was informed of the same prophecy already known to Laius and Jocasta â€Å"Woes, lamentations, mourning, portents dire; To wit I should defile my mother’s bed. And raise up seed too loathsome to behold. And slay the father from whose loins I sprang† (Sophocles trans. Storr, 1999/1912). Oediopus left Corinth in search of his destiny. On his journey he met a man who humiliated him. Contrary to the belief that Laius was killed by robbers, it was in Oedipus’ own hands that his life came to an end. Thereafter, he came to Thebes and was hailed for solving the riddle of the Sphinx and gained the love of the people who suffered therefrom. H e was made the king by the people and assumed himself in the position that was formerly belonging to Laius. This included everything from his riches down to his queen widowed by the former’s death. Under his rule, the kingdom of Thebes was in a prosperous state and flourished until the advent of the succeeding plague which haunted the king in search of its end. Oedipus was firm in ensuring the people that they are not to worry and that he will be able to put an end to the plague in the same way that he had previously done with the Sphinx. Driven by this promise, he sets out to find the culprit and initially blaming Creon as the mastermind in a plot to oust him from his throne. But what unfolded was something that was beyond his contemplation. His own history and the prophecy came together to reveal the biggest irony of his quest. Teiresias, the kingdom’s greatest oracle reveals the link between Laius and Oedipus. The king had been reluctant to accept the reality of the prophecy and to what it means in his identity. The blind prophet had been accused many things in his denial but was later vindicated by the inevitable truth that has been stabbing at Oedipus all along. Like many of the unwanted realities that men exert all effort to evade, the Greek hero was the same. But ultimately the truth shall prevail and that fate is inescapable though we may try hard to do so. There are voices of reason that should have